Liquid Crystal Displays

Construction

Display Off

Display On

Principle of operation of a twisted nematic
(TN) display

Transmission versus voltage characteristic
of a twisted nematic (TN) display

Vop: Operating Voltage
(Voltage between electrodes)
Fop: Operating frequency
Operating voltage waveform: AC square wave

 
Vop: Operating Voltage

NOTE:measured by transmitted light

Vop:  Operating Voltage (V) 
Fop:  Operating Frequency (Hz) 
Ton:  Response time (rise)
Toff: Response time (fall)

Measurement Direction

Viewing Angle

Measurement Direction

Viewing Angle

Positive 

Ambient or backlit

Negative 

Backlighting required

Reflective
Ambient light required

Transflective
Ambient light or backlight

Transmissive
Backlight required

Structure

Alternative lamination of conducting rubber and insulated rubber

Connecting Method

Mechanical compression

Pitch (mm)

Min 0.4

• Easy to assemble
• Adopted for many years
• Applicable even to narrow pads
• Printed circuit board need gold plate or graphite coating

Structure

Metal pins fit onto the Panel terminal pad

Connecting Method

Soldering

Pitch (mm)

Min 1.8, 2.0, 2.54

• Suitable for small production runs

Structure

Film with electroconductive thin film or printed graphc

Connecting Method

Heat and pressure fitting, soldering or mechanical compression

Pitch (mm).

Heat Seal: Min 0.4
Soldering type: Min 0.8

• A thin structure can be achieved
• Flexible
• Trimmable length